Narration Change (উক্তি পরিবর্তন) – বিস্তারিত বিশ্লেষণ ও ব্যাখ্যা

Narration কী?

Narration হল কোনো ব্যক্তির উক্তি অন্য ব্যক্তির মাধ্যমে বর্ণনা করা। এটি দুই ধরনের হতে পারে: Direct Speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি) ও Indirect Speech (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)।

Direct Speech: যেখানে বক্তার উক্তি তার আসল শব্দেই তুলে ধরা হয়।
Example:
- Rahim said, "I am happy."
- রাহিম বলল, "আমি সুখী।"
Indirect Speech: যেখানে বক্তার উক্তি অন্যভাবে প্রকাশ করা হয়, যাতে মূল বক্তব্য ঠিক থাকে কিন্তু বাক্যের গঠন পরিবর্তন হয়।
Example:
- Rahim said that he was happy.
- রাহিম বলল যে সে সুখী।

Narration Change-এর গঠন ও নিয়ম

1. Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন

Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন করা হয় মূল বাক্যের ধরন অনুযায়ী।

Said to → Told (যদি object থাকে)
- He said to me, "I am busy." → He told me that he was busy.
Said → Said that (যদি object না থাকে)
- He said, "I am busy." → He said that he was busy.
Say → Says / Will say (Reporting Verb Present বা Future হলে Tense পরিবর্তন হয় না)
- He says, "I am busy." → He says that he is busy.
- He will say, "I am busy." → He will say that he is busy.

2. Conjunction ব্যবহারের নিয়ম

Indirect Speech-এ Conjunction ব্যবহৃত হয়:

Assertive Sentence → that
Interrogative Sentence → if/whether বা wh-word
Imperative Sentence → to + verb অথবা not to + verb
Exclamatory Sentence → that + feeling (joy, sorrow, wonder, etc.)

3. Tense পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম

যদি Reporting Verb (said, told, asked) Past Tense-এ থাকে, তাহলে Direct Speech-এর Tense পরিবর্তিত হয়:

Present Indefinite → Past Indefinite
- He said, "I like ice cream." → He said that he liked ice cream.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
- He said, "I am eating now." → He said that he was eating then.
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
- He said, "I have finished my work." → He said that he had finished his work.
Past Indefinite → Past Perfect
- He said, "I went to school." → He said that he had gone to school.
Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
- He said, "I was reading a book." → He said that he had been reading a book.

Exception: যদি Reporting Verb Present বা Future হয়, তাহলে Tense পরিবর্তন হবে না।

He says, "I like ice cream." → He says that he likes ice cream.
He will say, "I like ice cream." → He will say that he likes ice cream.

4. Pronoun পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম

Pronoun পরিবর্তন করতে হয় Reporting Verb-এর Object এবং Direct Speech-এর Context অনুযায়ী।

First Person → Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়
- He said, "I am happy." → He said that he was happy.
Second Person → Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়
- He said to me, "You are my friend." → He told me that I was his friend.
Third Person → পরিবর্তন হয় না
- He said, "He is my brother." → He said that he was his brother.

5. Time & Place পরিবর্তন

Direct Speech-এ ব্যবহৃত সময় ও স্থান নির্দেশক শব্দ পরিবর্তন হয়।

Now → Then
- He said, "I am busy now." → He said that he was busy then.
Today → That day
- He said, "I will go today." → He said that he would go that day.
Tomorrow → The next day
- He said, "I will go tomorrow." → He said that he would go the next day.
Yesterday → The previous day
- He said, "I went there yesterday." → He said that he had gone there the previous day.
This → That
- He said, "I like this book." → He said that he liked that book.
These → Those
- He said, "I like these books." → He said that he liked those books.

Sentence অনুযায়ী Narration পরিবর্তন

1. Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য)

Assertive Sentence পরিবর্তনের সময় "that" ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং Tense পরিবর্তন করা হয়।

Example:

He said, "I am tired." → He said that he was tired.

2. Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য)

Interrogative Sentence পরিবর্তনের সময় "if" বা "whether" (Yes/No প্রশ্নের ক্ষেত্রে) এবং Wh-words (what, why, when ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রে) ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:

He said, "Do you like tea?" → He asked if I liked tea.
He said, "Where are you going?" → He asked where I was going.

3. Imperative Sentence (আদেশ, অনুরোধ, উপদেশবাচক বাক্য)

Imperative Sentence পরিবর্তনের সময় "to" বা "not to" ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং "said" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "ordered, requested, advised" ইত্যাদি হয়।

Example:

He said to me, "Close the door." → He told me to close the door.
He said to me, "Don't be late." → He told me not to be late.

4. Exclamatory Sentence (আবেগসূচক বাক্য)

Exclamatory Sentence পরিবর্তনের সময় "that" ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং অনুভূতি বোঝানোর জন্য "exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder" ইত্যাদি ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:

He said, "Hurrah! We won the match." → He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
He said, "Alas! I lost my money." → He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his money.

Narration Change-এর গঠন (Structure) ও নিয়মাবলি

Narration পরিবর্তনের সময় বাক্যের গঠন ও নিয়ম অনুসরণ করা জরুরি। নিচে বিভিন্ন ধরনের বাক্যের Narration পরিবর্তনের Structure (গঠন) ব্যাখ্যা করা হলো।

1. Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য) এর গঠন

Direct Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (said/said to) + "," + Quoted Sentence

Indirect Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (said/said to → told) + that + Changed Sentence

🔹 Example:

Direct: He said, "I am happy."

Indirect: He said that he was happy.

2. Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য) এর গঠন

A) Yes/No প্রশ্নের ক্ষেত্রে

Direct Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (said to) + "," + Question

Indirect Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (asked) + if/whether + Changed Sentence

🔹 Example:

Direct: He said to me, "Do you like coffee?"

Indirect: He asked me if I liked coffee.

B) WH-Question-এর ক্ষেত্রে

Direct Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (said to) + "," + WH-Question

Indirect Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (asked) + WH-Word + Changed Sentence

🔹 Example:

Direct: He said to me, "Where are you going?"

Indirect: He asked me where I was going.

3. Imperative Sentence (আদেশ, অনুরোধ, উপদেশবাচক বাক্য) এর গঠন

Direct Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (said to) + "," + Command/Request

Indirect Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (ordered/requested/advised) + to + Verb

🔹 Example:

Direct: He said to me, "Close the door."

Indirect: He ordered me to close the door.

Direct: He said, "Please help me."

Indirect: He requested me to help him.

Negative Imperative:

Subject + Reporting Verb + not to + Verb

🔹 Example:

Direct: He said to me, "Don't go there."

Indirect: He told me not to go there.

4. Exclamatory Sentence (আবেগসূচক বাক্য) এর গঠন

Direct Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (said) + "," + Exclamation

Indirect Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder) + that + Changed Sentence

🔹 Example:

Direct: He said, "Hurrah! We have won the match."

Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

Direct: He said, "Alas! I have lost my wallet."

Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his wallet.

5. Optative Sentence (প্রার্থনামূলক বাক্য) এর গঠন

Direct Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (said) + "," + Wish/Prayer

Indirect Speech:

Subject + Reporting Verb (prayed/wished/blessed) + that + Changed Sentence

🔹 Example:

Direct: He said, "May you be happy."

Indirect: He prayed that I might be happy.

Direct: The old man said, "May Allah bless you."

Indirect: The old man prayed that Allah might bless me.

Narration Change-এর সাধারণ গঠন

1. Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন:

Said to → Told (যদি Object থাকে)

Said → Said that (যদি Object না থাকে)

Said to → Asked (Interrogative Sentence)

Said to → Ordered/Requested/Advised (Imperative Sentence)

Said → Exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder (Exclamatory Sentence)

Said → Prayed/Wished (Optative Sentence)

2. Conjunction ব্যবহারের নিয়ম:

Assertive Sentence → that

Interrogative Sentence → if/whether বা WH-Word

Imperative Sentence → to + verb অথবা not to + verb

Exclamatory Sentence → that + feeling (joy, sorrow, wonder, etc.)

3. Tense পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:

Present Indefinite → Past Indefinite

He said, "I like tea." → He said that he liked tea.

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

He said, "I am reading." → He said that he was reading.

Present Perfect → Past Perfect

He said, "I have finished my work." → He said that he had finished his work.

Past Indefinite → Past Perfect

He said, "I went there." → He said that he had gone there.

4. Pronoun পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:

First Person → Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।

He said, "I am happy." → He said that he was happy.

Second Person → Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।

He said to me, "You are my friend." → He told me that I was his friend.

Third Person → পরিবর্তন হয় না।

He said, "He is my brother." → He said that he was his brother.

5. Time & Place পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:

Now → Then

Today → That day

Tomorrow → The next day

Yesterday → The previous day

This → That

These → Those

Here → There

Narration Change (উক্তি পরিবর্তন) – বিস্তারিত বিশ্লেষণ ও ব্যাখ্যা